Dimensions of modern banking have become highly competitive in the global environment. For the long term survival and growth, banks are continuously adopting new technologies. Adoption of technologies helping banks to reduce customer handling cost significantly and with this banks are 5 able to meet needs of modern society effectively. The cost of “CORE” Centralized Online Real time Exchange was introduced in 1981. Since then Indian Banking system is continuously adopting and delivering new set of IT driven banking services in the hands of ultimate customers. Banks are continuously committing themselves to provide hassle free services to ultimate consumers. The success of financial system in developing economies is largely dependent upon on trust of people on the banking system of country. While executing various banking activities in large population based countries like India complaint handling and redressed becomes a very challenging task. In India, Banks continuously receives various complaints which require quick solution to overcome this important aspect of banking, Reserve Bank of India had introduced Bank Ombudsman Scheme in 2006. Present research paper is an attempt to study impact of information technology implementation on bank ombudsman scheme with special reference to complaint received against the use of Debit Card, Credit Card and Point of sale Machine

This paper provides an overview of the academic literature on the M&A market and focuses on the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) on firm performance in M&A participating firms by systematizing existing knowledge and deriving specific implications for the future work scope. M&A market experiences the several trillions of US dollar deals on an annual basis. Therefore, M&A becomes the highly studied area by the researchers to analysis different vice versa combination between CG, firm performance, takeovers, mergers, acquisitions, etc. In this paper, the research 6 has been carried out as a structural assessment of past fourteen years of research on CG variables and firm performance variables deriving the relation between corporate governance and firm performance. Further it’s been observed that majority of research has been conducted to identify the impact of specific board characteristics of CG on firm performance however, there is dearth of study to analyze the relation between CG and firm performance for the firms actively participating in M&A market as acquirer and target. In lieu of this, the paper has extracted the prospective area of study and provide path towards a future research. This review will be useful to academicians and researchers working in the area of CG and M&A, Firm performance and M&

India is ranked as an emerging economy and in order to continue expanding the horizons of growth and economic development, it becomes imperative that its ‘backbone’ i.e. MSMEs continue to enjoy long-term benefits which are not cut short by high compliance costs vis-à-vis digital trade. MSMEs come from a place of low credit growth1 , dependency on governmental schemes and concessions, low funding and scanty resources at their disposal. In this context, it becomes imperative to evaluate the burden/relief that Data Protection Laws bring to MSMEs. The Indian Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 and 2019 (hereinafter PDPB, 2018) is largely modelled on the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) which came into force on 25 May 2018, making it meaningful to ascertain the nuances in the legislations. In this context, the author seeks to evaluate the existing legal framework for data protection in jurisdictions of the USA, EU and Singapore. Further, the author intends to draw-out best practices from international mechanism to cater to the specific needs of MSMEs vis-a-vis data protection regime. Lastly, the author intends to evaluate the existing legislative instruments in India and its viability towards MSMEs.

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), as a corporate restructuring strategy, are globally gaining popularity over last thirty years. This is reflected in the increasing number of M&A transactions (number of deals) and deal value of such completed transactions. M&A transactions can be classified into different categories, using different classification criteria. Country of origin for acquirer firm and target firm classifies transactions into domestic and cross-border. Position (stage) of acquirer firm and target firm in the industry value chain classifies M&A into horizontal (both acquirer and target belong to same stage of the value chain), vertical (acquirer and target belong to different stages of the value chain) and conglomerate (acquirer and target belong to different industries). Another classification criteria is the financial health of target firm at acquisition time. If the target firm is in financial and/or economic distress, or is undergoing legal bankruptcy or liquidation procedures at time of acquisition, such transactions are classified as distressed M&A1. This paper reviews existing literature review in the research area of distressed M&A. The objective is to get an insight on whether distressed M&A is an effective strategy of corporate restructuring, and to identify any scholastic research gaps, if any, particularly in the context of India. Total 47 papers in the period 1975 to 2016 have been reviewed, spanning the areas pertaining to determinants and motives of distressed M&A, whether distressed M&A can be considered an alternative to bankruptcy or liquidation, characteristics of the industry in which acquirer and target operate, characteristics of takeover premia for distressed M&A, and performance of distressed M&A at acquisition time and post-acquisition period. The review suggests that globally, distressed M&A have worked as an alternative to bankruptcy where timely merger has saved the distressed target from bankruptcy or liquidation. Models can be developed which can explain and predict the probability that a financially distressed firm will be acquired instead of going bankrupt. Distressed M&A mostly occurs between firms operating in the same industry, and experience high takeover premiums. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding firm performance in case of distressed M&A, both at time of acquisition and after acquisition.

The multilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are gaining prominence in recent times with the objective to enable lower trade barriers and seamless movement of goods and services across national boundaries. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been in focus given the rising economic and geo-political prominence of ASEAN countries and the six proposed FTA partner countries in the Asia-Pacific region. However, India has opted out of the RCEP Agreement in 2019 owing to existing bilateral trade imbalances skewed unfavourably against India and its concerns on safeguards to its producer oriented domestic industries providing livelihood option to a mass and vulnerable segment. In this context, it becomes imperative to identify India’s trade patterns, its export potential, competitiveness vis-à-vis trade partners, India’s FTA gains and losses and the way forward.

India’s visible trade was already plunged by 3 per cent during 2019. Before it could have reached towards its previous position pandemic crisis hit Indian economy and has made exports situation as critical as never before. As per WTO records global trade has declined from13 to 33 per cent due to pandemics after effects. The freshly released agriculture export policy (2018, by Ministry of Commerce) of India was meant to achieve its target in 2020. It was expected to double the income of farmers by 2020 but COVID-19 has made them even more vulnerable. If we throw light on 2018-19 trade figures US$303.7 billion accounted for India’s total visible exports out of which US$38.5 billion received through agriculture exports only. Agriculture exports have a significant share of 12.6 per cent in total merchandise exports of India during 2018-19. Thats why it is needed to examine the status of Indian agriculture exports. The present study highlights how severely COVID-19 has hit Indian agriculture exports particularly during March-April 2020. It has also attempts to bring out a clear picture of the prominent Indian agriculture exports. And how global trade restrictions have discourage Indian exports (mainly agriculture exports)

The competition worldwide is getting intensified, to attain and uphold a position in competition, company’s uses innovation as a source more frequently. In this perspective, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) strategy tends to be utilized in gaining access to over technological advancement. Accordingly, the companies merges with firms that attains positive impact from R&D activities of firms. The main motive of M&A is to realize synergies and gain from efficiency, whereas this effect is created by merging of two firms. The economies of scale and scope is the reason that creates synergies and economic gains in the merging of the firms. For example, recently the consolidation of 10 public sector banks into four will create a positive impact due to increased operational scale and capital, and improved corporate governance in the long run. According to Moody’s rating agency, “A larger scale will also enable PSU Banks to increase technology investment, which is an area where they have lagged private sector peers”. The current study attempts to examine whether M&A creates trade-off between synergy success and efficiency gains through examining the impact on R&D. In present study, the performance of M&A is related to Non-Financial Sector excluding the service sector. For this analysis, two multiple linear regression model being formed in which the core independent variables is R&D expenses of acquirer. This way the findings of this study supports that M&A creates trade-off between synergy success and efficiency gains and R&D creates “high synergy low efficiency scenario”. The results of the study is mainly concerned about trade-off situation creates by M&A which concludes that M&A leads to trade-off “high synergy-low efficiency” in R&D and trade-off “high synergy high efficiency” scenario exists in firm size. Thus, results states that R&D seems to play a vital role in improving performance of merging firms post M&A